Test Questions Political Science Essay Example for Free

Test Questions Political Science Essay In international power relations, the use of force refers to the process whereby military power is used to settle down international issues. This has been a long-term solution to issues of international concern as it is influential and brings about an enduring solution. On the other hand, exchange is a strategy that utilization of cultural exchange approaches to settle down international conflicts (Little, 2007). Exchange strategy profoundly serves as the best strategy as it uses peaceful mechanisms through considerations of the diverse nature of different international environments. Do you believe you are living in the cave described by Plato?             In my own interpretation of my life and the era I am living in, I am certain that I am not living in the cave described by Plato. For instance, I am freed from the slavery of ignorance by education and my â€Å"mind’s eye† and my â€Å"sensual eyes† are open. This has impact in the current political scene as my impact can bring a positive or negative change in the politics of the land through education (Heidegger Sadler, 2012). Karl Marxs definition of the classes under capitalism             Karl Marx argued that the social relations of production indulge diverse classes. The Marxist concepts are very significant in the current world as they circuitously condemn capitalism, view classes as the engine for societal change as well as arguing that classes are defined by the ownership of property (Elster, 2006). As a matter of fact, the philosopher attributes people’s alienation to the created social classes. In addition, Marx claimed that a state could improve in relation to the available social, cultural and political structures. Abortion and judicial decisions             According to research, the issue of abortion is mostly discussed during the period of presidential campaigns (Tatalovich, 2007). However, the courts may decide to deliver their judgments in favor of the constitution or particular laws even if the ruling parties have a moral objection to the verdict. However, abortion may be significant if carried out in the right way, the right place as well as for a valid reason. To deliver a judgment in an event of moral objection, the Supreme Court should apply the laws and regulations the constitution. References Elster, J. (2006). An introduction to Karl Marx. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. Heidegger, M., Sadler, T. (2012). The essence of truth: On Platos parable of the cave allegory and Theaetetus. London: Continuum. Bottom of Form Little, R. (2007). The balance of power in international relations: Metaphors, myths, and models. New York: Cambridge University Press. Tatalovich, R. (2007). The politics of abortion in the United States and Canada: A comparative study. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe. Source document

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

Reasons Huck Finn isn't racist The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not a racist novel. This novel has been subject to much controversy about whether or not the book is racist. Whilst many believe the novel to be non racist, there a few people out there who believe it is. This is just not true. This essay will show you why this novel is not racist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huck Finn is the main character in this novel; he is an uneducated, uncivilized, backwoods hick. Huck uses the word ‘nigger’ many times throughout this story. What many people have not come to realize is that at this point in time the word nigger was no more offensive then calling another man ‘white’. All slaves in that time were referred to as ‘niggers’. At this point in time that word is very hurtful to the black community when used offensively. Huck using the word only reinforces the idea that he was in fact uneducated and it shows what kind a vocabulary to have expected from a young southern boy. In fact if that word wasn’t used in the novel it wouldn’t be as realistic as it is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The costar of this novel is a runaway slave named Jim. Jim is a caring friend, a devoted husband, and a loving father. Many people believe that Jim is portrayed as silly and uneducated. Those people have failed to realize that this book is written through a child’s point of view. Before Huck gets to know Jim for the man he really is this is how Huck perceives him. Although Jim is perceived as stupid it’s because he is. Jim has probably lived his life as a slave and has a slaves’ education. This book wasn’t written to show how stupid the slaves were, although it somewhat did, but rather to express the situation of slaves being uneducated at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third reason why this is not a racist piece of literature is it shows that there in no racial boundrys in love and compassion for another human being. It shows the development of Huck and Jims’ father and son type of relationship. This novel concretely shows that relationships of any sort are not bound by race. The novel also shows how one’s ideals can change in spite of what you have been taught. Huck deciding that he would go to hell to help Jim escape to freedom is probably the most non racist part of the whole novel, and it is what the book is built upon.

In Jonathan Kozol Essay

In Jonathan Kozol’s novel Amazing Grace, religion plays a dominant role throughout the book. As Kozol describes the people in poverty of Mott Haven and the myriad horrible circumstances that they face everyday, religion provides their one and only salvation and solace. It is much easier to ask what these children don’t face than what they do. They face people dying daily, prolonged sickness, crime, drugs, abuse, alcoholism, asthma, poverty, dirt, dilapidated housing. They see people die horrific deaths whether it is from AIDS or a little girl falling down an elevator shaft that nobody would fix. They are denied medical care or given substandard care, which means people don’t get better. They attend substandard schools where they receive less than adequate education. What they don’t face is a lot of compassion or empathy. At a time in America when neo-liberalists would like to get rid of government control of the economy, which results in cutting social programs that directly benefit the poor, religion is their only means of hope. Incidentally, neo-liberalists do not have any problem with government subsidies or benefits for businesses. With the rising sentiment of â€Å"I didn’t breed them†¦I don’t want to feed them† (128), this nation’s poor are shoved away and hidden more and more. They are blamed for the problems they face, and less is being done to help. As Reverend Overall says of the lack of mention of 97th Street, though 96th Street is featured in tourist guides,, â€Å"The papers ignore realities like the waste burner, but they do it in a way that tends to neutralize the dangers almost instantly† (187). 97th Street is poverty, and America turns its back on these people in the name of neo-liberalism. The American public believes as Kozol states, â€Å"If only enough children, we are told, would act the way heroes do, say no to drugs and sex and gold chains and TV and yes to homework, values, church and abstinence, and if only enough good parents, teachers, volunteers, and civic-minded business leaders would assist them in these efforts, we could turn this around† (240). This again is blaming the victim, not the society who created these conditions at all. As long as the poor are hidden away in places we run from, the inequalities will continue to exist. And when faced with such an extensive list of problems, what can these people do? They can turn to religion. Religion provides them hope. Churches provide them with food and clean needles and community organizers as well. Church becomes the focal point around which their lives revolve. As Father Glenwith Miller says, â€Å"Many here a great deal more devout then people you would meet in wealthy neighborhoods. Those who have everything they want for need have often the least feeling for religion. The rich are very busy storing everything they can accumulate: wealth, power, or prestige†¦Still I think it grieves to hear of God when human beings created in His image treat other human beings like filthy rags† (78). This quote says a great deal about why people of Mott haven are so religious with a comment about the social responsibility of humanity as well. People from Mott Haven come to church in order to escape bullets and crime for a brief respite. They use church to take away the harshness and darkness of their own lives. Church is someplace where they can hope and dream for something better than they have. Kozol wants the reader to truly understand the power religion has to buoy their spirits against the rising tide they must face everyday—the guns, the violence, the drugs, the sickness, the injustice. A nightly prayer for Mrs. Washington’s children is â€Å"God bless Mommy. God bless Nanny. Don’t punish me because I’m black† (69). Others express the sentiment that god provides a better place after death or are just thankful that God has allowed them to live. Kozol asks Shirley Flowers, a friend of Reverend Overall’s, â€Å"Do your children have the same belief in God that you do? † She replies â€Å"Yes†¦They do. This family talks to God† (169). And when a student of Gizelle Luke’s is asked â€Å"Who do you look up to? , he replies I look up to God, my mother, and myself† (33). These quotes are used to show just how important religion is as a force in their lives. Father Glenworth Miles discusses the importance of God in this community. We are not literal fundamentalists here†¦We see God as a liberating force who calls us to deliver people from oppression. The apparent consensus of the powerful is that the ghetto is to be preserved as a perpetual catch-basin for the poor. It is not about annihilating segregation or even about transformation of the ghetto, but setting up ‘programs’ to teach people to ‘adjust’ to it, to show a ‘functional’ adaptation to an evil institution†¦As a religious man, I see it as my obligation to speak out against this, not to bend the poor to be accommodated to injustice but to empower them to fight it and to try to tear it down† (81). He determines it to be

How Did the 19th Amendment Came to Pass in the United States

The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guaranteed women the right to vote. It was officially enacted on August 26, 1920. Within a week, women all over the country were  casting ballots and had their votes officially counted. What Does the 19th Amendment Say? Often referred as the Susan B. Anthony amendment, the 19th Amendment was passed by Congress on June 4, 1919, by a vote of 56 to 25 in the Senate. Over the summer it was ratified by the necessary 36 states. Tennessee was the last state to vote for passage on August 18, 1920. On August 26, 1920, the 19th Amendment was proclaimed as part of the Constitution of the United States. At 8 a.m. on that day, Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby signed the proclamation which stated: Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Not the First Attempt at Womens Voting Rights Attempts to allow women the right to vote began long before the 1920 passage of the 19th Amendment. The womens suffrage movement had proposed womens voting rights as early as 1848 at the Seneca Falls Womans Rights Convention. An early form of the amendment was later introduced to Congress in 1878 by Senator A.A. Sargent of California. Although the bill died in committee, it would be brought before Congress nearly every year for the next 40 years. Finally, in 1919 during the 66th Congress, Representative James R. Mann of Illinois introduced the amendment in the House of Representatives on May 19th. Two days later, on May 21st the House passed it by a vote of 304 to 89. This cleared the way for the Senate vote the following month and then ratification by the states. Women Voted Before 1920 Its interesting to note that some women in the U.S. were voting prior to the adoption of the 19th Amendment, which gave all women full voting rights. A total of 15 states allowed at least some women to vote in some circumstances before 1920. Some states granted full suffrage and the majority of these were west of the Mississippi River. In New Jersey, for instance, single women who owned more than $250 of property could vote from 1776 until it was rescinded in 1807. Kentucky allowed women to vote in school elections in 1837. This too was abolished in 1902 before being reinstated in 1912. Wyoming was the leader in full womens suffrage. Then a territory, it granted women the right to vote and hold public office in 1869. Its believed that this was due in part to the fact that men outnumbered women almost six to one in the frontier territory. By giving women a few rights, they hoped to lure young, single women to the area. There was also some political play involved between Wyomings two political parties. Yet, it did give the territory some progressive political prowess prior to its official statehood in 1890. Utah, Colorado, Idaho, Washington, California, Kansas, Oregon, and Arizona also passed suffrage prior to the 19th Amendment. Illinois was the first state east of the Mississippi to follow suit in 1912. Sources The Passage of the 19th Amendment, 1919-1920 Articles from  The New York Times. Modern History Sourcebook.  http://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1920womensvote.html Olsen, K. 1994. Chronology of Womens History. Greenwood Publishing Group. The Chicago Daily News Almanac and Year-Book for 1920. 1921. Chicago Daily News Company.